4th of July

4th of July

This year marks the 250th anniversary of the United States!

On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress officially declared independence from the British Empire with the Declaration of Independence.

Although we consider July 4, 1776 to be the official birthday of the United States, the colonies had been building up to independence for decades, and we had been at war with Britain since 1775. The war ended on September 3, 1783 with the Treaty of Paris. The Constitution that we use today was not ratified until 1788, years after the Revolutionary War had already ended.

The infamous Boston Tea Party happened on December 16, 1773. The colonies formed the First Continental Congress in September 1774 and issued a statement regarding the colonies’ complaints against the British. On April 18, 1775, Paul Revere and William Dawes made their historic rides to warn people that the British had arrived. The Battles of Lexington and Concord were fought the next day.

On November 15, 1777, the Articles of Confederation was adopted by the Second Continental Congress and then sent out for state approval, although it took years to be approved by all 13 states, with 12 approving by 1779 and the last in 1781. However, it was a poor framework for a unified government, so they went back to the drawing board and developed the Constitution.

The Constitution was ratified on June 21, 1788, officially becoming the framework for the United States government. It went into effect in 1789.

See below for book recommendations and additional resources!

Local Interest

  • The Great American Retro Road Trip
  • Avenues of Transformation
  • Frontier Illinois
  • A Roadside History of Illinois
  • Illinois Politics

Children’s Books

  • We are Mighty
  • Baseball Saved Us
  • I Survived the American Revolution of 1776

Middle Grade Books

  • Weird but True! US Presidents
  • Weird but True! USA Expanded Edition
  • History Smashers: The American Revolution
  • I Survived the American Revolution of 1776
  • Kid Presidents
  • History Smasher's Women's Right to Vote

Adult Books

Adult Nonfiction

  • We the People: A History of the U.S. Constitution
  • Constitution of the United States of America
  • The Price of Democracy
  • Making the American Self
  • Women Heroes of the American Revolution
  • A People's History of the United States
  • US Civil Rights Trail
  • She Votes: How Women Won Suffrage, and What Happened Next
  • An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States
  • An African American and Latinx History of the United States
  • A Black Queer History of the United States
  • Coyote America
  • Not Your Founding Father

Classic American Writers

  • The Grapes of Wrath
  • The Prairie Trilogy
  • The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
  • The Call of the Wild, White Fang, and Other Stories
  • The Awakening and Other Stories
  • The Scarlet Letter
  • To Kill a Mockingbird
  • The Crucible
  • Complete Tales and Poems by Edgar Allan Poe

Additional Resources

PBS: The American Revolution (streaming series)

PBS: American Revolution Facts: Battles, Casualties, and More

National Park Service: Timeline of the Revolution

American Battlefield Trust: American Revolution Timeline

National Archives: Declaration of Independence: A Transcription

Project Gutenberg: The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America

National Archives: Creating the Declaration: A Timeline

National Archives: The Constitution of the United States

National Archives: The Articles of Confederation (1777)

National Archives: Treaty of Paris (1783)

National Constitution Center

Library of Congress: Creating the United States: Road to the Constitution

Museum of the American Revolution

American History Central: Declaration of Independence – Summary, Facts, and Text

USHistory.org: The Declaration of Independence: The Want, Will, and Hopes of the People

History.com: Revolutionary War

History.com: Why Was the Declaration of Independence Written?

Revolutionary War Records (revolutionarywar.us)

American Revolutionary War on American History Central

AmericanRevolution.org

WorldHistory.org: The Treaty of Paris

Related Pages